211
For the first reincarnation in a play by the Quintero brothers, and Galdós' emotional reaction to it, see H. Chonon Berkowitz, Pérez Galdós: Spanish Liberal Crusader (Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1948), pp. 439-42. (N. del A.)
212
This is, of course, the elder Centeno (not Celepín), who has been changed from a «capataz de ganado en las minas» (Benito Pérez Galdós, «Marianela», Obras completas. Madrid: Aguilar, 1960, IV, p. 692). (N. del A.)
213
Paniagua probably changed this name to avoid that of Verdi's well-known title protagonist in Don Carlos. (N. del A.)
214
Doctor Golfín's role in the opera is quite minor in comparison with that in Galdós' novel. (N. del A.)
215
This is, of course, at complete variance with Galdós' Marianela. (N. del A.)
216
«Benjamín Gutiérrez Sáenz y Marianela», La Nación (Suplemento Puntarenas), marzo de 1958, n. p. (N. del A.)
217
Unidentified newspaper clipping, supplied by Benjamín Gutiérrez Sáenz. (N. del A.)
218
Bernal Flores gives the following biographical sketch of Marianela's composer:
(N. del A.)
219
The length of the summers was generally about two and a half months, from mid-to-late July to early or the middle of October. They were signed variously «D. B.» or «Don B.» or «Don Benito»; those penned by an amanuensis were usually signed by Galdós himself. The package Dr. Marañón turned over to me contained five letters written not by Galdós but to him from other individuals.
Other important collections of letters that have not thus far been published or publicly described include Galdós' letters to Clarín, once reportedly in the possession of Dionisio Gamallo Fierros, and a group of 172 of which Alfonso Armas Ayala wrote Manuel García Blanco in 1954. (N. del A.)
220
An early biographer of Galdós in 1912 identified Gerardo Peñarrubia as a «dependiente de la librería de Hernando, y persona a quien Galdós aprecia mucho, pues durante algún tiempo le tuvo a su servicio en la administración de sus obras, en la calle de Hortaleza. Cuando a Don Benito se le ocurre algún encargo, a Peñarrubia se lo recomienda». Gerardo is grouped with Nougués and with Victoriano and Rubín, two loyal and long-time servant-friends (Shoemaker, The Novelistic Art of Galdós, I, Valencia, 1980, pp. 20, 29, 33, 38) as «las personas de mayor confianza de Galdós» (Luis Antón del Olmet y Arturo García Carraffa, Galdós, Madrid, 1912, pp. 141, 177). Federico Carlos Sainz de Robles much later characterized Gerardo as «fidelísimo» and at the Editorial Hernando the one charged with «la impresión y la distribución de las obras galdosianas» (Obras completas de D. B. P. G., Aguilar, Madrid, 1941, I, lxiiib, and Galdós, Madrid, 1970, p. 31). (N. del A.)